Department of Maritime Simulation Rafał Gralak
Title: A Method of navigational information display using augmented virtuality
Author/Authors: Rafał Gralak
Place of publication: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2020 8(4), 237, pp.1-18
Year: 2020
Keywords: marine simulation, augmented virtuality, mixed reality, decision support system
Abstract: The preliminary research experiments described herein were aimed to choose an appropriate mixed reality technology for the construction of navigational information display method to be used onboard ships in restricted waters. The method assumes a possibly faithful representation of the environment and the actual navigational situation on a spatial decision support system (SDSS) interface during ship navigation and maneuvering in restricted waters. The
paper also presents the architecture and process of building a SDSS, where the method of navigational information display using augmented virtuality was applied.
Website address (link) to the full text of the publication: JMSE | Free Full-Text | A Method of
Navigational Information Display Using Augmented Virtuality | HTML (mdpi.com)
Title: Areas of emergency maneuvers and the navigational risk of accidents in fairways due to ship technical failures determined by the ship movement simulation method
Author/Authors: Stanisław Gucma, Rafał Gralak, Bartosz Muczyński
Place of publication: Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie, vol.61(133)2020, pp. 39-47
Year: 2020
Keywords: navigational risk in fairways, consequences of navigational accidents, areas and speed of emergency maneuvers,ship movement, simulation method, technical failures
Abstract: The identification of navigational risks of accidents in fairways is a basic principle for the construction or
modernization of waterways in restricted waters and when the conditions of safe operation change. The estimation of navigational risk requires the evaluation of the consequences of accidents occurring in fairways: grounding, impact
against a vertical shore, port/offshore structure or moored ship. When determining the consequences of these accidents, it is necessary to know the emergency maneuvering area and the speed of the ship at the time of the accident. The method of ship movement simulation in real time was used to determine the parameters of emergency maneuvering areas and the speed of vessels during the maneuvers. The results of the simulation experiment include full form vessels (bulk carriers, tankers) with a capacity ranging from 5,000 DWT to 100,000 DWT. The presented results of simulation tests enabled the
evaluation of probability and consequences of ships’ accidents in fairways resulting from technical failures of ships’ steering equipment, allowing to assess the navigational risk for ships sailing through different types of fairways (approach channels, port entrances and inner port fairways).
Website address (link) to the full text of the publication: http://repository.scientific-journals.eu/handle/123456789/2605
Title: Conditions for the location of a universal LNG tanker berth designed for the port of Świnoujście
Author/Authors: Stanisław Gucma, Maciej Gucma, Rafał Gralak, Marcin Przywarty, Bartosz Muczyński
Place of publication: Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin
Year: 2019
Keywords: universal LNG discharge berth, waterway optimization simulation method
Abstract: This article describes the methodology to design a universal berth for LNG discharge from tankers with a
wide cargo capacity range of 500 m3 to 220,000 m3. Based on a waterway optimization simulation, the methodology has been used to determine parameters of the designed universal cargo handling berth located in the port of Świnoujście.
Website address (link) to the full text of the publication: https://repository.am.szczecin.pl/handle/123456789/2517
DOI: 10.17402/326
Title: A simulation method for the determining the minimum pull of tugs assisting in port manoeuvres
Author/Authors: Stanisław Gucma, Maciej Gucma, Rafał Gralak, Mateusz Bilewski, Bartosz Muczyński
Place of publication: Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie, 57(129)2019, pp. 49-55
Keywords: port manoeuvring, simulation of ship movement, manoeuvring safety, tug assistance, determination, minimum safe pull
Abstract: The article presents a simulation method for determining the minimum safe pull of tugs assisting in port
manoeuvres. The method can be used to determine the relationship between the minimum safe pull, understood as the tension on the line, of the assisting tugs and the overall length, cargo capacity or net capacity of ships manoeuvring in
a given port under allowable hydrometeorological conditions. The method was verified through simulated tests of gas tankers’ entry, turning and berthing at the LNG terminal of Świnoujście.
Website address (link) to the full text of the publication: http://repository.scientific-journals.eu/handle/123456789/2518
Title: Risk of grounding by a ship passing a fairway - Simulation method of navigational risk estimation in emergency situations
Author/Authors: Stanisław Gucma, Marcin Przywarty, Wojciech Ślączka, Rafał Gralak
Place of publication: European Navigation Conference, ENC 2019/ IEEE
Year: 2019
Keywords: risk estimation, safety of navigation, marine simulation, marine traffic engineering
Abstract: The article presents a simulation method for estimating the risk of grounding of a ship passing along the fairway in emergency situations This method consists in the determination of accident probability and utilizes a specially designed simulation experiment involving rudder jamming or engine blackout during ship passage along a dredged fairway. The method was used for risk assessment referring to grounding by an LNG tanker in the approach channel to the port of Swinoujście.
Website address (link) to the full text of the publication: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8714146
DOI: 10.1109/EURONAV.2019.8714146
Title: A simulation method to determine the safe operating conditions for designed sea-going ferries
Author/Authors: Stanisław Gucma, Jarosław Artyszuk, Rafał Gralak, Adam Kowalski
Place of publication: Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie, vol.53(125)2018,
pp. 114-122
Year: 2018
Keywords: ferry manoeuvring safety in port, safe operational conditions, ferry design requirements, simulation study
Abstract: The presented method for defining the conditions of safe operation of marine ferries in ferry terminals allows
verification of shipowner ferry designs. In the first stage of this method, simulations are used to determine the allowable wind speed. The second stage comprises simulations of ferry berthing aimed at defining safe manoeuvring areas, the energy of berthing impact and propeller stream speeds at allowable wind speeds. The method was used in the design of a 228 m long hybrid ferry.
Website address (link) to the full text of the publication: http://repository.scientific-journals.eu/handle/123456789/2454
Title: Universal Simulation Method for Determination the Maneuverability of Ferry on the Example of Ystad Port
Author/Authors: L.Gucma, R.Gralak, B.Muczyński, M.Przywarty
Place of publication: Annual of Navigation
Year: 2018
Keywords: maneuverability, maneuvering safety,traffic engineering, ferry, simulation.
Abstract: The paper describes a universal simulation method used by the authors to determine the con-ditions of safe Aof sea ferries, in terms of marine traffic engineering. The assumptions, simulation experiment and results are described on the example of the m/f Mazovia manoeuvring in the Port of Ystad. Carried out and described in the article simulation study using the present method was aimed to determine the possibility of adapting the propulsion and steering systems of the ferry including: -determination of the wind limits in the Port of Ystad in terms of Mazovia ferry operation; -assessment of the maneuvering safety in a port area and determination of conditions of safe operation with present propulsion and steering systems; -determination of the possibility of adapting the propulsion and steering systems to meet the requirements of the shipowner for the economically efficient and safe operation of the ferry.
Website address (link) to the full text of the publication: https://annualofnavigation.pl/universal-simulation-method-for-determining-the-maneuverability-of-ferry-based-on-the-example-of-ystad-port/
Title: Optimization of the parameters of the Swinoujscie outer container port
Author/Authors: Stanisław Gucma, Rafał Gralak, Marcin Przywarty, Bartosz Muczyński
Place of publication: Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin
Year: 2018
Keywords: optimization, ships traffic, Simulation method, seaport parameters, container port, safety of manoeuvring
Abstract: The article presents an original two-stage simulation method for the optimization of seaport parameters.
Presentation of the method is based on example of parameter optimization of the outer container port in Świnoujście. Presented method uses two limitations of the objective function related to safety of manoeuvring and mooring of ships.
It consist of two stages, first one is carried out for the parameters defined in the preliminary stage of design. On the basis of results from this stage, layout and other parameters of port waterways can be adjusted to satisfy
assumed safety criteria. The second stage uses the parameters established in the first stage. It allows for small adjustments which will not change the safety of manoeuvring. The result of second stage is optimal parameters of the
examined port waterways.
Website address (link) to the full text of the publication: http://repository.scientific-journals.eu/handle/123456789/2453
DOI: 10.17402/274
Title: Applying simulation studies to define further development of the approach channel to Ystad
Author/Authors: Lucjan Gucma, Rafał Gralak, Jarosław Artyszuk, Renata Boć
Place of publication: Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie, vol.54(126)2018, pp.103-109
Year: 2018
Keywords: navigation safety, port and waterway design, ship manoeuvring simulation, Ystad ferry port
Abstract: The increasing sizes of ships determine the interest in modifying the already existing solutions. Simulation
models allow us to analyse the possible modernisation options. The article presents analysis results for the width of the fairway to Ystad, marked with buoys with respect to navigation safety. After a thorough analysis,taking into
account the safety of navigation, further possibilities of development have been determined. Study results are aimed at designing new solutions in case of modernization of the approach channel to Ystad.
Website address (link) to the full text of the publication: http://repository.scientific-journals.eu/handle/123456789/2474
Title: Method for reserve determination of static and dynamic list of bulk carriers applied to the dynamic under keel
clearance system in the Port of Świnoujście
Author/Authors: Kinga Drwiega, Lucjan Gucma, Rafał Gralak
Place of publication: Annual of Navigation
Year: 2017
Keywords: bulk carrier, dynamic UKC, simulation methods, analytical methods, heel,pressure transmitters.
Abstract: The paper presents the methodology for determining the components which are related to heel of bulk carrier with one component excluded —the heel of vessel due to waves. The described method was applied to the system, which is dedicated to use in determination of UKC of vessels at the approach to the Port of Swinoujscie. The method includes
deter-mination of heel caused by: draught reading errors, wind,current, tugboats and heel related to vessel maneuvers. To determine heel related to vesselmaneuver 2-stage methodwas car-ried out. The first stage simulation was
used to identify the parameters of shipmove-ment. At the second stage, the maximum heel of Bulk Carrier were calculated by using analytical methods. Presented method was implemented to the item rating under keel clearanceat the
approach to the Port of Swinoujscie.
Website address (link) to the full text of the publication: https://annualofnavigation.pl/
Author/Authors of Chapter: The Visual System in a DP Simulator at Maritime University of Szczecin, str.
221-224.
Title of monograph: Marine Navigation. Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Author/Authors : P.Zalewski, R.Gralak, B.Muczynski, M.Bilewski
Place of publication: Taylor & Francis Group
Year: 2017
Keywords: DP, Unity
Abstract: The paper presents the visual system designed in Maritime University of Szczecin in conformance to the Nautical Institute’s requirements of Dynamic Positioning (DP) simulator class B. The specific functionalities and
capabilities of this visual system connected to a DP advanced trainer of Kongsberg K-Pos type has been described.
ISBN 978-1-138-29762-3
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315099132
Website address (link) to the full text of the publication: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9781315099132/chapters/10.1201/9781315099132-26
Author/Authors of Chapter 6.1: Parametryzacja systemu podejściowych dróg wodnych metodą CIRM (Centrum Inżynierii Ruchu Morskiego), strony 147-161.
Title of monograph: Inżynieria ruchu morskiego. Wytyczne do projektowania morskich dróg wodnych i portów oraz warunków ich bezpiecznej eksploatacji
Author/Authors : Stanisław Gucma, Jarosław Artyszuk, Mateusz Bilewski, Rafał Gralak, Lucjan Gucma, Maciej Gucma, Krzysztof Marcjan, Wojciech Ślączka, Paweł Zalewski
Place of publication: Wydawnictwo Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
Year: 2017
Keywords: morskie drogi wodne, wymiarowanie morskich dróg wodnych, eksploatacja statków, przepustowość dróg wodnych, analiza ryzyka
Abstract: Inżynieria ruchu morskiego jest dyscypliną zajmującą się jakościowym i ilościowym opisem ruchu
jednostek pływających na akwenach ograniczonych w aspektach bezpieczeństwa nawigacji i efektywności żeglugi. Opracowywane metody i procedury inżynierii ruchu morskiego znalazły szerokie zastosowanie przy projektowaniu morskich dróg wodnych, portów, statków oraz warunków ich bezpiecznej eksploatacji. Projektowanie w inżynierii ruchu morskiego utożsamiane jest z następującymi podstawowymi zadaniami:
• optymalizacja parametrów budowanych i modernizowanych systemów morskich dróg wodnych;
• określenie warunków bezpiecznej eksploatacji statków na drogach wodnych;
• optymalizacja parametrów statków przewidzianych do eksploatacji na określonych drogach wodnych. Opisane w książce metodologia i metody projektowania różnego rodzaju dróg wodnych ich systemów oraz promów morskich zostały opracowane w oparciu o odpowiednie rozwiązania stosowane w inżynierii ruchu morskiego. Metody te bazują na modelach deterministycznych i probalistycznych procesu ruchu statków, modelowaniu matematycznym i symulacji
komputerowej ruchu statków na morskich drogach wodnych.
ISBN 978-83-60584-71-2
Title: Optimization of waterway bend widths using computer simulation methods of ship movement
Author/Authors: Jarosław Artyszuk, Rafał Gralak, Maciej Gucma, Stanisław Gucma, Wojciech Ślączka, Paweł Zalewski
Place of publication: Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie, vol.46(118)2016, pp. 115-121
Year: 2016
Keywords: computer simulation of vessel traffic, marine traffic engineering, waterways, bends in the fairway, simulation methods of optimizing the parameters of waterways, Świnoujście–Szczecin fairway
Abstract: The paper presents the development of a new simulation method to optimize bends in marine waterways. This method, using results of empirical research and simulation methods, would allow accurate determination of safe manoeuvring areas. The method was used for detailed design of parameters of a waterway which is undergoing modernization to determine the optimum parameters of bend shapes in horizontal plane. The study was conducted on the ship bridge simulator by marine pilots.
Website address (link) to the full text of the publication: http://repository.scientific-journals.eu/handle/123456789/1231
Title: Concept of an augmented virtuality marine simulator
Author/Authors: Rafał Gralak, Bartosz Muczyński, Robert Terczyński
Place of publication: Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie, vol. 45 (117) 2016, pp. 60-68
Year: 2016
Keywords: eye tracking, augmented virtuality, marine simulator, motion capture, biometrics, technology
Abstract: This paper presents the assumptions for the concept of a full mission ship’s bridge simulator prototype using
innovative augmented virtuality technology. A description of a possible development process is provided as well as two potential applications in the field of marine simulation: operator motion tracking techniques, MoCap, which
entails interacting with the environment and generating of synthetic images via HUD; and implementation of the latest technology, data gathering and analysis methods, which would replace current visualization methods and equipment used
in maritime simulators.
Website address (link) to the full text of the publication: http://repository.scientific-journals.eu/handle/123456789/1208
Title: A method for reserve determination of the static and dynamic list of liquefied natural gas carriers and its application to the dynamic under keel clearance system in the outer port in Świnoujście.
Author/Authors: Kinga Drwięga, Lucjan Gucma, Rafał Gralak
Place of publication: Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin
Year: 2016
Keywords:dynamic UKC simulation methods analytical methods list pressure transmitters LNG carrier
Abstract: This paper presents a methodology for determining the components related to the heel of liquefied natural gas
(LNG) carriers, excluding the heel of the vessel due to waves. The described method was applied to the description of under keel clearance of vessels approaching the outer port of Świnoujście. The method includes the
determination of heel components caused by: draught reading errors, wind, current, tugboats and vessel maneuvers. Determination of the last component was carried out using a 2-stage method. In the first stage, simulation methods were
used to identify the parameters of ship movement. In the second stage, the maximum heel of LNG carriers was calculated by analytical methods.
Website address (link) to the full text of the publication: http://repository.scientific-journals.eu/handle/123456789/1782
DOI: 10.17402/150