Title: Risk assessment of moored and passing ships

Author/Authors: P.Vidmar, M. Perkovic, L.Gucma, K.Łazuga

Place of publication: Applied sciences, vol. 10, issue 19, pp.1-19

Year: 2020

Keywords: port accidents; risk assessment; terminal safety; harbour regulations; mooring;collision energy

Abstract: Accidents in port areas are generally relatively minor given the lower prevailing speeds, but dangerous cargo terminals located in the vicinity of populated areas present some risk of accidents with catastrophic consequences. The maritime risk assessment frameworks have been developed in many ports, but few include studies incorporating collisions between sailing and moored ships. This paper presents the risk assessment framework for such accidents. Moreover, it
presents the important role of harbour regulations in the navigation risk management process within the port area. Today’s port regulations are created mostly based on the good practice of pilots and other experts, whereas quantitative methods are used less frequently. The intention of the presented case study was to demonstrate how quantitative risk assessment may be used in port policy development, which is why the method created is general and may be used in any terminal with dangerous cargo. The multi-stage method consists of several steps that make up a complex methodology, consisting of expert study, real-time simulation—a simulation of a collision in port is presented—and analytical-empirical calculations for consequence assessment. The case studies of the developed method are presented based on two real accidents, one in the Police port along the Świnoujście-Szczecin waterway, and the second in the Port of Koper in Slovenia. The results of this study present the parameters of the ship’s safe approach to the terminal area, such as velocity and approaching
angle. These parameters are used to calculate the impact forces in the case of a collision between a moored and passing ship and its consequences on ship integrity as well as on mooring arrangement. Based on probability and consequences, the risk is evaluated and discussed in the sense of port safety. The presented method could be used as the framework for risk assessment of collisions in a port area, particularly when dealing with dangerous cargo or sensitive vessels such as cruise ships.

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DOI: 10.3390/app10196825 

 

Title: Use of a multiple regression model to determine the parameters of vessel traffic flow in port areas

Author/Authors: Agnieszka Nowy, Lucjan Gucma

Miejsce publikacji: TransNav-International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

Year: 2020

Keywords: Maritime Traffic Engineering, Vessel Traffic Flow, Port Areas, Multiple Regression Model, Fairway, Fairway
Parameters, Automatic Identification System (AIS), AIS Data

Abstract: The paper presents the method of determining ships traffic stream parameters by means of regression method. The aim of the studies was to determine the correlation between the ship’s parameters and the parameters of the fairway. Developing the presented model with information on the position of the vessel’s antenna and information on the accuracy of position determination will allow creating a model for predicting the parameters of waterways.

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DOI: 10.12716/1001.14.02.23

Title: Towards generalized ship’s manoeuvre models based on real time simulation results in port approach areas

Author/Authors: N.M. Quy, Kinga Łazuga, Lucjan Gucma, J.K. Vrijling, P.H.A.J.M. van Gelder

Place of publication: Ocean Engineering

Year: 2020

Keywords: real-time ship manoeuvring simulation, ship manoeuvring area, risk assessment, generalization of ship simulation data

Abstract: This paper presents an attempts towards creation of generalized models of ships manoeuvring area determination and ship performance created on the base of real simulation results. Those models are needed for better understanding of the safe navigation process in ports areas and its approaches and for risk analysis when no full information about the ships behaviour is available. The data coming from real time ship simulations that are conducted by experienced pilots and captains are applied in the study. In the first step, general regression models are created to determine manoeuvring areas and major correlations between basic parameters affecting the safe area needed for ships to navigate in restricted areas of ports and its approaches. In the second step, the ship performance models are created to describe the behaviour of the ship including human factors. The ship performance for long-term prediction of the navigation risk regarding the possibility of ships exceeding the channel limits, assumed as grounding or collision with a fixed structure are created by the method which consists of two developed models: (1) an ARMAX (Auto Regressive and Moving Average
eXogenous) model is adopted to identify the ship steering dynamic system. With the help of this model, the outputs of the system (course, position, etc.) can be estimated based on the system input conditions (rudder, engine, etc.); (2) the stochastic sequences of the inputs for the first model used are generated using a semi-Markov model.

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DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107476

Title: Laser-based aid systems for berthing and docking

Author/Authors: Marko Perkovič, Lucjan Gucma, Mateusz Bilewski, Bartosz Muczyński, Franc Dimc, Blaž Luin, Peter Vidmar, Vivien Lorenčič, Milan Batista

Place of publication: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, vol.8, issue 5

Year: 2020

Keywords: container ship; precise positioning; portable pilot unit; gyro error; container terminal; berthing and docking; LiDAR scanner; STS crane

Abstract: The berthing of an ultra large ship is always a difficult issue and becomes yet more complex when vessels must be handled in restricted manoeuvring areas of limited depth, exposed to a forceful crosswind, or manoeuvring in a strong current, or all three. The final approaching manoeuvre and precise positioning is particularly demanding at container terminals where many STS cranes are located along the quay, seriously limiting margin for error in the process of mooring a ship, especially when the cranes are located nearby a bridge wing or at the very edge of the pier. In order to avoid collisions, the final manoeuvre (side-push) must be fully controlled; the ship’s orientation must be parallel with the quay while maintaining the minimum lateral approaching velocity without significantly shifting the vessel longitudinally. The mooring of a Ro-Ro vessel is occasionally even more challenging: a precise docking manoeuvre is normally executed without any towing assistance. In this paper low cost laser-based berthing and docking systems developed for the ports of Koper and Swinousce are presented and several berthing manoeuvres are analysed and compared with the most commonly used GNSS-based navigational aid system portable pilot units (PPU).

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DOI: 10.3390/jmse8050346

Title: Analysis of the impact of exemption from pilotage for 75m and 90m long vessels on the fairway Świnoujście-Szczecin

Author/Authors: L.Gucma, K. Łazuga

Place of publikacation: TransNav-International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

Year: 2019

Keywords: Ship’s Manoeuvrability, Fairway Swinoujscie-Szczecin, Danish Straits, Great Barrier Reef, Bosporus
Strait, Tokyo Bay, Pilotage Operations, Pilotage

Abstract: The aim of the study is to analyze the impact of exemption from pilotage for 75m and 90m long vessels entering Szczecin on navigation safety on the waterway Świnoujście-Szczecin. Available sources concerning the influence of maritime pilotage on the safety of navigation have been analysed. Such data have been collected and made available only for the Danish Straits, the Great Barrier Reef Area of Australia, the Bosporus Straits and the Tokyo Bay. The study also included an analysis of economic effectiveness of pilotage exemption in this area. 

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DOI: 10.12716/1001.13.03.20 

Title: The role of GNSS to support UAS operations for surveillance

Author/Authors: Alberto Mennella, Pietro Cristofanilli, Marco Nisi, Pawel Zalewski, Ramjee Prasad, Bilal Muhammad

Gianluca Luisi, Graziano Gagliarde, Damiano Taurino

Place of publication: Ka and Broadband Communications Conference

Year: 2019

Keywords: GNSS, UAS, autonomous operations

Abstract: In this paper an innovative UAS approach is presented for surveillance related applications, based on autonomous operations (conventional drone) and continuous operation (tethered drone). For both the approaches the importance of GNSS technology has been shown with particular attention to the key performance indicators to be achieved.

Title: The support of port regulation creation and update by real-time ship manoeuvring simulation studies exampled by Port of Kołobrzeg

Author/Authors: L.Gucma, K. Łazuga

Place of publication: TransNav-International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

Year: 2019

Keywords: Ship Manoeuvring Simulation, Port Regulation, Port Regulation Creation, Port of Kolobrzeg, Port Authority, Navigational Safety, Navigational Risk, Good Practice

Abstract: The port areas are specific in terms of navigational accidents. Usually, accidents with low consequences dominate, but due to many users with contradictory needs, there is a requirement to keep the balance between business and safety. This balance is usually achieved by the Port Authority or like in Poland by Maritime Office together with Port Authority. Maritime Offices are the governmental body responsible to maintain the acceptable navigational safety level. Such an approach leads to several frictions between the users that needs are often contradictory. To ensure minimal safety level and introduce new or amended port regulations the scientific methods are demanded to support this process. The paper present methodology to adjust the port regulations of Kołobrzeg Port where the passenger ship owners moored in close vicinity of the waterway and therefore restricted it to the other users. The compromise was achieved with the application of real-time simulation method. Moreover, the paper presents the important role of harbor regulations in whole navigation risk management process within the port area. Today’s port regulations are created mostly based on good
practice of pilots and experts, whereas the quantitative methods are used less frequently. The intention of the presented case study was to demonstrate how the quantitative risk assessment could be used in port policy development.

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DOI: 10.12716/1001.13.02.13

Title: An analysis of basic parameters of Ro-Pax ferries in the Baltic Sea as guidelines for its preliminary design

Author/Authors: Lucjan Gucma, Julia Raczkowska

Place of publication: Polish Maritime Research

Year: 2018

Keywords: Ro-Pax ferry, ship design, ferry traffic, operating parameters, maneuvering parameters, analysis of ship dimensions

Abstract: This paper presents results of an analysis of the operating and maneuvering parameters (length, width, draft, main propulsion power and maneuvering equipment, and windage area) of the Ro-Pax ferries over 150m in length. The analysis takes into accounts all ferries operating in the Baltic Sea in 2017. The work also includes route analysis of the collected Ro-Pax units. The influence of port infrastructure is also discussed. The mean optimal Baltic Sea Ro-Pax ferry and its parameters for short term and long term forecasts are presented. This paper may be used as a primary guideline for the determining the optimal Ro-Pax ferry dimensions size for the Baltic lines in terms of preliminary ship design.

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DOI: 10.2478/pomr-2018-0095

Title: Applying simulation studies to define further development of the approach channel to Ystad

Author/Authors: Lucjan Gucma, Rafał Gralak, Jarosław Artyszuk, Renata Boć

Place of publication: Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin

Year: 2018

Keywords: model of manoeuvring a ship, navigation safety, designing seaports, applying simulation, approach channel, PIANC method

Abstract: The increasing sizes of ships determine the interest in modifying the already existing solutions. Simulation models allow us to analyse the possible modernisation options. The article presents analysis results for the width of the fairway to Ystad, marked with buoys with respect to navigation safety. After a thorough analysis, taking into account the safety of navigation, further possibilities of development have been determined. Study results are aimed at designing new solutions in case of modernization of the approach channel to Ystad.

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DOI: 10.17402/291

Title: Determination of the potential pollution of the port of Świnoujście after collision of ships on the approach track

Author/Authors: Juszkiewicz Wiesław; Gucma Lucjan; Perkovic Marko

Place of publication: Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin

Year: 2018

Keywords: PISCES II, oil spill simulation, oil pollution behaviour, Pomeranian Bay region, worst case study

Abstract: A key element in ensuring the safety of the port of Świnoujście against oil spills is to ensure combat units are properly equipped with oil spill collecting equipment, and that they have the ability to effectively use the existing resources. All of this should be properly reflected in the port’s contingency plans. It is also important to develop tactics for oil spill combat action that take into account both local conditions and worst case scenarios with parallel checking of these scenarios during the exercise and the table-top exercises. The use of computer simulation to forecast oil spill behaviour allows for better arrangement and more efficient use of resources and the optimum development of antipollution action and tactics. The specific location of the Świnoujście harbour, its breakwaters shape, and that shipping traffic is allowed only on the approaching waterway, may lead one to the conclusion that the port of Świnoujście is completely safe from any possible petroleum pollution after a ships’ collision and the antipollution action should focus only on maximising the protection of the coast. To verify this assumption, simulations of an oil spill spreading after a vessels’ collision werecarried out. The purpose of the simulations was to determine the most unfavourable weather conditions which would lead to the port of Świnoujście being polluted, and to define the best tactics for conducting oil spill combat actions under such conditions. The simulations clearly indicated that, with a particular combination of weather conditions, pollution could occur inside the port. It could result in vessel traffic suspension and huge financial losses. Simulations were conducted using the PISCES II oil spill simulator.

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DOI: 10.17402/275

Title: Determination of the risk of location the quay for large steel components handling in vicinity of the fairway
using the fast-time simulation method

Author/Authors: Krzysztof Marcjan, Lucjan Gucma

Place of publication: Annual of Navigation

Year: 2018

Keywords: risk of collision, fast-time simulation, safety of navigation, statistical analysis, ship manoeuvring simulation

Abstract: The paper presents the use of the Fast-Time navigational simulator to verify the location of designed elements of
navigational infrastructure in vicinity of a high traffic fairway.The aim of the study is to perform the analysis of navigational safety in vicinity of newly constructed quay placed to the east of the island Ostrow Brdowski. The Quay is intended handling of large steel structures. The Fast-Time simulation is performed to evaluate the safety of the navigation passage through the fairway along the quay for the future use of vessels which length may exceed 260 m. This kind of simulation method has been implemented to make a statistical analysis based on a large amount of data, the collection of which would be very expensive and time consuming using a Real-Time simulator

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DOI: 10.1515/aon-2018-0007

Title: Modelling the lateral distribution of ship traffic in traffic separation schemes

Author/Authors: Agnieszka Nowy, Lucjan Gucma

Place of publication: Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin

Year: 2018

Keywords: vessel traffic streams, ships’ traffic flow, safety of navigation, probabilistic model, traffic separa-tion scheme, modelling

Abstract: This paper presents the method used for the creation of ship traffic models in Southern Baltic Traffic Separation Schemes (TSS). The analysis of ship traffic was performed by means of statistical methods with the use of his-torical AIS data. The paper presents probabilistic models of ship traffic’s spatial distribution and its parameters. The results showed that there is a correlation between the standard deviation of traffic flow and TSS lane width that can be used in practical applications to ensure the safety of navigation; improve navigation efficiency, safe-ty and risk analysis in given area, and for the creation of a general model of ship traffic flow.

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DOI: 10.17402/269

Title: Statistical analysis of parameters of selected worldwide yacht ports and marinas in terms of design guidelines

Author/Authors: Lucjan Gucma, Kinga Drwięga, Radosław Butrymowicz

Place of publication: Annual of Navigation

Year: 2018

Keywords: statistical analysis, design guidelines, port parameters, yacht port, marina, turning basin area.

Abstract: In relation tothe current development of the sailing, modernization and development of yacht ports and marinas are necessary. The preparations process, stages of the design, anal-yses and finally construction of yacht ports is time-consuming and laborious. In the article a statistical analysis of selected design parameters was described. In order to carry out the analysis a database was created based on 210 ports from different regions of the world such as: Europe, North America, Australia and South Asia. Google Earth was used to obtain the actual values of the analyzed parameters. Most of achieved results was described in the form of tables or graphs.

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DOI: 10.1515/aon-2018-0014

Title: The model of optimal allocation of maritime oil spill combat ships

Author/Authors: Kinga Łazuga, Lucjan Gucma, Marko Perkovic

Place of publication: Sustainability

Year: 2018

Keywords: oil spill at sea; evolutionary algorithms; allocation optimization; combating oil pollution

Abstract: The paper describes a two-stage method for optimizing the location of marine oil spill combat forces and assessing the costs related to this action at the sea. An optimization problem relates to positioning the oil pollution combat ships in ports in such a way that they are able combat the anticipated number of oil spills in certain positions in the Polish coast of the Baltic Sea area in the shortest possible time. The problem was classified as NP-hard; therefore, in the first stage, an evolutionary algorithm was applied. The main output of the model based on the evolutionary algorithm is the time of arrival of combat ships from the port to the oil spill area, as well as the costs of such operation; this is defined as the aim function. The first stage of the model does not simulate combat pollution action; therefore, the results obtained were treated as approximate. In the second stage, the several best allocations of oil spill response resources obtained in the first stage were used as input to a detailed simulation model of combat action. For each chosen allocation, a number of oil combat action simulations were carried out. The model can be used to create and verify oil pollution contingency plans, and finally increase the sustainability of sea and coastal areas

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DOI: 10.3390/su10072321

Title: Universal simulation method for determination the maneuverability of ferry on the example of Ystad Port

Author/Authors: Lucjan Gucma, Rafał Gralak, Bartosz Muczyński, Marcin Przywarty

Place of publication: Annual of Navigation

Year: 2018

Keywords: maneuverability, maneuvering safety,traffic engineering, ferry, simulation

Abstract: The paper describes a universal simulation method used by the authors to determine the con-ditions of safe operation of sea ferries, in terms of marine traffic engineering. The assumptions, simulation experiment and results are described on the example of the m/f Mazovia manoeuvring in the Port of Ystad. Carried out and described in the article simulation study using the present method was aimed to determine the possibility of adapting the propulsion and steering systems of the ferry including:determination of the wind limits in the Port of Ystad in terms of Mazovia ferry operation;assessment of the maneuvering safety in a port area and determination of conditions of safe operation with present propulsion and steering

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DOI: 10.1515/aon-2018-0004

Title: Accommodating larger container vessels using an integrated laser system for approach and berthing

Author/Authors: Marko Perkovic, Maciej Gucma, Blaz Luin, Lucjan Gucma, Tanja Brcko

Place of publication: Microprocessors and microsystems

Year: 2017

Keywords: laser ranging, vessel docking, metocean, Port of Koper, container terminal, fenders, brolsma

Abstract: Various activities such as dredging and pier lengthening have made it possible for ports to receive larger container vessels, though in many cases this has made berthing the vessels more difficult, necessitating advanced ranging and docking systems. For example, in Koper, Slovenia, navigation through a narrow and bending channel has been made safer through the implementation of a laser-ranging system; a laser docking system is in place so that once the ship is positioning alongside where, say, inadequate fenders await and ship-to-shore (STS) cranes are near, special care is required and parameters such as precise vessel position, transversal speed, and vessel-approaching angle are of great importance. This paper will present the layout of the system and the first results related to the observed docking of large container vessels calling at the Port of Koper.

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DOI: 10.1016/j.micpro.2017.05.015

Title: Analysis of the existing parameters of the ports entrances in the world in terms of their design

Author/Authors: Dominika Kość‐Pawlicka , Lucjan Gucma

Place of publication: TransNav - The International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

Year: 2017

Keywords: ships manoeuvering, parameters of the ports entrances, statistical parameters of waterways, maritime traffic
engineering, entrance to the port, port design, maximum size of the ship, main harbours

Abstract: This article aims to analyse the statistical parameters of waterways forming the entrance to the port and the
construction of a model for determining the optimum parameters of the entrance to the port. It has been analyzed parameters of the entrances to the 100 selected global ports, based on the analysis it was examined the interdependence between certain parameters and the impact they have on the maximum size of the ship which can enter to the port. This
analysis allowed to develop a model, which can possible to be applied to the entrance of initial port design.

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DOI: 10.12716/1001.11.03.03

Title: Applying simulation studies to define futher development of the Przemysłowy Canal in Szczecin

Author/Authors: Lucjan Gucma, Renata Boć, Andrzej Bąk

Place of publication: TransNav - The International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

Year: 2017

Keywords: Port Manoeuvering, Port of Szczecin, Przemyslowy Canal in Szczecin, Applying Simulation Study, Navigation
Safety, Safety of Navigation, Parameters of Waterways, Harbour Approach Channels Design

Abstract: The increasing sizes of ships and lack of functionality of the existing solutions determine the interest in
rebuilding the already existing solutions. Simulation models allow to analyse the possible modernisation variants taking into account the variability of elementary parameters. The article presents analysis results for the Przemyslowy Canal in Szczecin with respect to navigation safety and regulating traffic regulations in the Przemyslowy Canal taking into consideration the interests of all subjects involved. The paper applies real-time simulation methods based on manoeuvring simulators. After a thorough analysis that took into account the safety of navigation, further possibilities of development have been determined. Study results are aimed at designing new solutions in case of modernization of the Przemyslowy Canal in Szczecin.

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DOI: 10.12716/1001.11.03.22

Title: Method for reserve determination of static and dynamic list of bulk carriers applied to the dynamic under keel clearance system in the Port of Świnoujście

Author/Authors: Kinga Drwiega, Lucjan Gucma, Rafał Gralak

Place of publication: Annual of Navigation

Year: 2017

Keywords: bulk carrier, dynamic UKC, simulation methods, analytical methods, heel,pressure transmitters.

Abstract: The paper presents the methodology for determining the components which are related to heel of bulk carrier with one component excluded —the heel of vessel due to waves. The described method was applied to the system, which is dedicated to use in determination of UKC of vessels at the approach to the Port of Swinoujscie. The method includes deter-mination of heel caused by: draught reading errors, wind,current, tugboats and heel related to vessel maneuvers. To determine heel related to vesselmaneuver 2-stage methodwas car-ried out. The first stage simulation was used to identify
the parameters of shipmove-ment. At the second stage, the maximum heel of Bulk Carrier were calculated by using analytical methods. Presented method was implemented to the item rating under keel clearanceat the approach to the Port of Swinoujscie

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DOI: 10.1515/aon-2017-0007

Title: Stochastic model of ships traffic capacity and congestion - validation by real ships traffic data on Świnoujście - Szczecin waterway

Author/Authors: Lucjan Gucma, Andrzej Bąk, Sylwia Sokołowska

Place of publication: Annual of Navigation

Year: 2017

Keywords: ship traffic stream model, waterway capacity, ship intensity, congestion, ship intensity, shiptraffic streams.

Abstract: Paper presents validation of previously created stochastic ships traffic stream model by the real data of ships delays on Świnoujście —Szczecin waterway. The model is mostly based on Monte Carlo methodology. The model is microscopic which means that each ship’s model is treated as separate object possessing given attributes. As the main param-eter of presented validation total waiting (delay) time of ships have been applied. The time of ships delays was possessed from Szczecin VTS centre and compared with the model output.

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DOI: 10.1515/aon-2017-0013

Title: System for determining dynamic under keel clearance of vessels entering the Port of Świnoujście (DRWPS)

Author/Authors: Lucjan Gucma , Mateusz Bilewski , Jarosław Artyszuk , Kinga Drwięga

Place of publication: TransNav - The International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

Year: 2017

Keywords: port manoeuvering, under keel clearance (UKC), Port of Swinoujscie, Response Amplitude Operator (RAO), UKC Reduction, graphical user interface, Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), LNG Vessels

Abstract: The article presents a system for determining dynamic under keel clearance. In order to build a DRWPS system, a mixed model was created based on the analysis of math models. The system includes advisory software for defining the conditions for the entering of large LNG vessels in the context of under keel clearance and software was built to support the decision-making of operators who are responsible for introducing these vessels to the Port of Swinoujscie.

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DOI: 10.12716/1001.11.03.21

Title: The modernization of the Mrzezyno Seaport. Applaying simulation studies to define the variants of the expansion of the entrance breakwater

Author/Authors: Renata Boć, Lucjan Gucma, Andrzej Bąk

Place of publication: Annual of Navigation

Year: 2017

Keywords: model of manoeuvring a ship, navigation safety, designing seaports, breakwater optimization

Abstract: Objective reasons, such as climatic changes, larger vessels, sometimes the impracticality of the current solutions, determine the interest of decision-makers in rebuilding the existingports and breakwaters. Tested simulation models allow for a thorough analysis of the possiblemodernization variants taking into account the variability of basic parameters. The article pre-sents research results related to the optimization of the Mrzezyno seaport with respect to navi-gation safety and the possibility of larger vessels calling at the port after its modernization.In the paper, real time simulation methods based on manoeuvre simulators were applied. Two different variants that can be implemented from the technical point of view were studied. Following a multidimensional analysis that took into consideration increased comfort of ship manoeuvres in the port and navigation safety, one variant was indicated as the optimum. The aim of the research results is to help design new solutions in the caseof the modernization of the Mrzezyno seaport.

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DOI: 10.1515/aon-2017-0020

Title: Genetic algorithm method for solving the optimal allocation of response resources problem on the example of
polish zone of the Baltic Sea

Author/Authors: Kinga Łazuga, Lucjan Gucma

Place of publication: Journal of Konbin

Year: 2016

Keywords: oil spill, optimization, allocation

Abstract: The paper presentsresearch related to optimal allocation of response vessels. Research belong to the logistical
problem, location-allocation type (LA). Research is focused onvessels belongs to polish Search and Rescue.For the optimal allocation of resources usedtwo-stagesmethod wherein the first stage, using genetic optimization methods and consist in such allocation of response vessels to minimize costs ofthe spill at sea. In the second stage uses an accurate simulation model of oil spill combataction to verify the solutions obtained bygenetic algorithmmethod.

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DOI: 10.1515/jok-2016-0028

Title: Innovative semielliptical seismic pattern improving line-change efficiency

Author/Authors: Artur Walus, Lucjan Gucma, Andrzej Bąk

Place of publication: Marine Geophysical Research

Year: 2016

Keywords: Geophysical maritime, seismic research, Marine seismic patterns, Seismic vessel navigation, The quality of marine geophysical works

Abstract: The paper presents a new method for conducting turns by vessels towing seismic cables. A comparison was made between the traditional way of turning to indicate the advantages of the proposed pattern. In order to improve the overview of the complete geometry of a towed streamer system, a model of marine seismic research quality coefficients was applied. The turning method was tested onboard a seismic vessel towing eight streamers of 6 km in length. A significant reduction of time required for line-change was achieved (up to 45 % depending on ocean current speed and direction, speed of the vessel, skills of navigating team). The introduced quality coefficient of geophysical research works is based on the mathematical model of positions deviation of streamers geophones with relation to their idealized position. The model was created to be used while the vessel is on a steady course to improve the quality of acquired data; however, it was found useful during line changes as well.

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DOI: 10.1007/s11001-016-9281-4

Title: The risk of striking accidents during LPG ships passage in ports in respect to technical failures based on real time simulations in Szczecin-Świnoujście waterway

Author/Authors: Lucjan Gucma, Andrzej Bąk

Place of publication: Journal of Konbin

Year: 2016

Keywords: accidents in ports, LPG tanker, navigational accidents, ships technical failures

Abstract: The method of risk assessment based on ship systems technical failures during the passage in the region of Świnoujście of the large LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) tanker is presented. The statistical reliability indicators and the simulation model of ships manoeuvring. The researches carried out within this paper let to determine the safety level and necessary tug escort service during the passage of the ship with the hazardous cargo in the port area.

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DOI: 10.1515/jok-2016-0037

Title: Vessel route optimization to avoid risk of collision between carriers of dangerous goods and passenger vessels

Author/Authors: Renata Boć, Krzysztof Marcjan, Marcin Przywarty, Lucjan Gucma

Place of publication: Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin

Year: 2016

Keywords: carriage of dangerous goods risk of collision passenger ships chemical tankers optimization of ship routes algorithm

Abstract: This article presents the underlying concepts of a mathematical model optimizing the routes of vessels carrying dangerous goods proceeding in the vicinity of passenger ferries. The method is based on the estimated risk of collision between a chemical tanker and a passenger vessel. Risk assessment was performed using three models. The
first model determines the distance of the passing ships on the selected area on the basis of the AIS data. The second one is a stochastic model of navigational safety assessment, which provides statistical data on the probability of collision between the two chosen types of vessels. The third model determines the consequences of collisions between passenger ships and chemical tankers. The study defines the scope of the parameters affecting the objective function of
vessel route optimization and their importance in the optimization problem.

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DOI: 10.17402/177

Title: A method for reserve determination of the static and dynamic list of liquefied natural gas carriers and its
application to the dynamic under keel clearance system in the outer port in Świnoujście

Author/Authors: Kinga Drwięga, Lucjan Gucma, Rafał Gralak

Place of publication: Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin

Year: 2016

Keywords: dynamic UKC simulation methods analytical methods list pressure transmitters LNG carrier

Abstract: This paper presents a methodology for determining the components related to the heel of liquefied natural gas (LNG) carriers, excluding the heel of the vessel due to waves. The described method was applied to the description of under keel clearance of vessels approaching the outer port of Świnoujście. The method includes the determination of heel components caused by: draught reading errors, wind, current, tugboats and vessel maneuvers. Determination of the last component was carried out using a 2-stage method. In the first stage, simulation methods were used to identify the parameters of ship movement. In the second stage, the maximum heel of LNG carriers was calculated by analytical methods.

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DOI: 10.17402/150

Title: Analysis of hydro-meteorological conditions in the area of the Port of Świnoujście between 2011–2015

Author/Authors: Kinga Łazuga, Lucjan Gucma, Maciej Gucma

Place of publication: Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin

Year: 2016

Keywords: Port of Świnoujście hydrometeorological conditions safety of navigation water levels change visibility wind conditions

Abstract: Świnoujście is a Polish seaport located on the Pomeranian Bay, on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea island of Usedom and Wolin. The port is situated in the Świna Strait in Świnoujście, Western Pomerania. The harbor consists of a cargo handling quay, passenger terminal and marina. The seaports of Świnoujście and Szczecin are closely linked economically to form a team and are connected by a passage through the Szczecin Lagoon. All big ships directed to Szczecin have to be routed through the port of Świnoujcie. The hydro-meteorological conditions in the Świnoujście Port area and surroundings, affecting safe maneuvering of ships, are analyzed by statistical methods. The conditions studied, with the aid of Port Captain logbook, are: currents, winds, water level, ice conditions and visibility. The statistical distribution of water level was analyzed and proposed as decision-making tool during a ship’s approach to Świnoujście Port.

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DOI 10.17402/138

Title: Simplified methods for the assessment of consequences of navigational accidents as a tool for development of
port regulations: Liquefied Petroleum Gas ships in Świnoujście–Szczecin waterway taken as example

Author/Authors: Lucjan Gucma, Andrzej Bąk

Place of publication: Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin

Year: 2016

Keywords: LPG carrier, risk analysis, safety of navigation, port regulations, port area operations, accident consequences

Abstract: The paper presents research performed in order to indicate the threats posed to liquid petroleum gas (LPG) carriers maneuvering in the ports and fairway of Szczecin–Świnoujście. The effects of collision with another vessel, going aground, or striking a stationary object are taken into account. As a safety criterion, the possibility of damage to the cargo tanks is taken. As a result of the research, recommendations for ship movement in the ports and fairway were issued. The research method applied in this study consisted of several stages. In the first stage, experts determined possible scenarios of collision and grounding, taking into consideration local and navigational conditions. In the following steps, the external energy was calculated and an empirical model was used to determine the damage to the LPG carrier. In the last step, the necessary measures to be introduced port regulations are presented as conclusions of the research.

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DOI: 10.17402/130

Title: Analysis of the traffic of chemical tankers in the Szczecin and Świnoujście seaports

Author/Authors: Renata Boć, Lucjan Gucma

Place of publication Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin

Year: 2016

Keywords: hazardous and noxious substances, chemicals, PHICS, VTS, AIS, pollution

Abstract: The ecological protection of the Baltic Sea against extremely noxious pollution by chemical substances is one of the major issues faced by the states that are located on its shore. In this article, the transport of chemicals in bulk has been analysed. An attempt has been made at grouping dangerous chemical substances based on their negative impact on the environment. Databases that were available have been studied with respect to various chemicals transported in the seaports of Szczecin and Świnoujście. Based on the data available, an attempt at analysing the traffic of tankers carrying noxious chemical substances has been taken up.

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DOI: 10.17402/128

Title: Using maritime simulation systems to present complex information in maritime museums

Author/Authors: Lucjan Gucma, Marcin Przywarty, Tomasz Budzan, Lech Karwowski, Peter Vidmar, Uros Hribar

Place of publication: Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin

Year: 2016

Keywords: maritime simulation, solar compass, Viking navigation, Decca system, sciences centre, naviga-tional systems

Abstract: The paper presents the stages of creation of an autonomous historical navigational system simulator working both in real and accelerated time. The simulator allows performance of navigation tasks from the time of the ancient Vikings, as well as to fix a position by using the Decca system on a real Mk21 receiver recreated to cooperate with the artificial Decca system model. The Viking solar compass discovered on Wolin Island in 2013 was the trigger for creating
such a simulator as part of a broader exhibition of navigational systems and tools. The main intention of the exhibition is to demonstrate the hyperbolic navigation application that links both systems.

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DOI: 10.17402/088

Title: Stochastic model of ship traffic congestion in waterways applied to determine the influence of Liquefied
Petroleum Gas tanker introduction on ship traffic on the Świnoujście–Szczecin waterway

Author/Authors: Sylwia Sokołowska, Lucjan Gucma, Andrzej Bąk, Jerzy Hajduk

Place of publication: Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin

Year: 2016

Keywords: ship traffic, stream model, waterway capacity, ship intensity, congestion, Monte Carlo methodology, determination

Abstract: This paper presents the stages in stochastic ship traffic stream model creation, applied to determine the influence of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) tanker introduction to Police Port on the Świnoujście–Szczecin waterway. The model is based on the Monte Carlo methodology, and is microscopic (which means that each ship’s model is treated as a separate object possessing given attributes). The model is applied here in order to find the influence of ships with dangerous cargo (LPG tankers in the case study) on regular ship traffic, and hence to establish whether special traffic solutions are necessary.

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DOI 10.17402/087

Title: An innovative time-saving method of turning for vessels conducting seismic surveys

Author/Authors: Walus Artur, Lucjan Gucma, Grzegorz Putynkowski

Place of publication: Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin

Year: 2016

Keywords: efficiency, geophysics, navigation, seismic, vessels, surveys

Abstract: The paper presents a turning method saving time and
energy while conducting seismic surveys and an example of its
application. The introduced turning method is based on use of the ocean
currents / tidal streams as a sup-porting factor. The turning technique
is applicable for vessels towing streamers and conducting line-change or
other maneuvers similar to 180° turn. Chosen forces affecting seismic
in-water equipment as well as behavior of the spread are briefly shown
and explained. Some advantages over traditional turning techniques are
here described. The method was applied onboard the seismic vessel Geo
Pacific reducing significantly time required for line-change

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DOI: 10.17402/108

Title: Methodological analysis of reliability assessments for vessel traffic service operators

Author/Authors: Diana Kotkowska, Lucjan Gucma, Krzysztof Marcjan

Place of publication: Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin

Year: 2016

Keywords: VTS, VTS operator, MWL, Sagat, SATEST, HRA

Abstract: The vessel traffic system (VTS) operator is an important role in the monitoring and supervision of maritime traffic. The main objectives of the VTS is to improve security in the coastal areas. VTS efficiency depends on the quality of the operators. Certain conditions of work should be provided if the system service is to be reliable as this facilitates proper and effective task performance. This article analyzes the factors affecting the performance quality of VTS operator’s. The aim of this study is to examine the methods that indicate negative factors affecting the efficiency of the VTS operator. The result of the study is primarily a reliability analysis of VTS, which underlines the importance of a thorough understanding of the factors associated with human reliability. These methods are crucial to determining VTS operator errors, and gaining an understanding of the consciousness of the operator’s actions in the workplace. Future negative factors can potentially be eliminated by answering questions about the guiding forces, actions and reactions of the operator to external stimuli in a specified scenario.

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DOI: 10.17402/101