Title: Accommodating larger container vessels using an integrated laser system for approach and berthing

Author/Authors: Marko Perkovic, Maciej Gucma, Blaz Luin, Lucjan Gucma, Tanja Brcko

Place of publication: MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROSYSTEMS

Year: 2017

Keywords: Laser ranging, vessel docking, Metocean, Port of Koper, Container terminal Fenders, Brolsma

Abstract: Various activities such as dredging and pier lengthening have made it possible for ports to receive larger container vessels, though in many cases this has made berthing the vessels more difficult, necessitating advanced ranging and docking systems. For example, in Koper, Slovenia, navigation through a narrow and bending channel has been made safer through the implementation of a laser-ranging system; a laser docking system is in place so that once the ship is positioning alongside where, say, inadequate fenders await and ship-to-shore (STS) cranes are near, special care is required and parameters such as precise vessel position, transversal speed, and vessel-approaching angle are of great importance. This paper will present the layout of the system and the first results related to the observed docking
of large container vessels calling at the Port of Koper.

Website address (link) to the full text of the publication: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141933116304719

DOI: 10.1016/j.micpro.2017.05.015

Title: Data Exchange Protocol in Repsail

Author/Authors: Maciej Gucma, Paulina Hatłas-Sowińska

Place of publication: Annual of Navigation

Year: 2017

Keywords:: hybrid yacht, protocol, data exchange

Abstract: Article presents implantation and theoretical considerations of data exchange protocol developed for the RepSail project, where main objective was design and building innovative hybrid yacht. One of problems during the design process was improper functioning of data exchange protocols that were available in the commercially available devices to
mention navigation purpose NMEA183 or 2000 as well as automation dedicated ones (CAN and similar). Author shows the basis of the dedicated format of exchange for in board devices.

Website address (link) to the full text of the publication:http://archive.sciendo.com/AON/aon.2017.24.issue-1/aon-2017-0016/aon-2017-0016.pdf

DOI: 10.1515/aon-2017-0016

Title: The impact of a liquefied natural gas terminal on the gas distribution and bunkering network in Poland

Author/Authors: Ewelina Chłopińska, Maciej Gucma

Place of publication: Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

Year: 2018

Keywords: natural gas, LNG fuel, gas consumption, LNG terminal in Świnoujście, energetic safety, Poland

Abstract: The proximity of the sea has a strategic importance for Poland’s security and economy. LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) may play an important role in the Baltic Sea Region in the near future – it may create opportunities for dynamic international economic cooperation for Baltic countries. Access to the Baltic Sea enables sustainable development consisting of the comprehensive exploitation of the country’s maritime potential, i.e.: the broad development of the maritime economy. In this paper the authors have given an overview of the benefits of a LNG terminal located in Świnoujście. Building a facility is a strategic investment that requires the involvement of all stakeholders at the local, regional, and national level. In this paper the authors have presented general information on the collection and transmission of natural gas. The aspects of trends in the LNG market have been discussed. Market conditions in the world and in Europe, concerning the investment in the Świnoujście LNG terminal, have been described. The implementation of the strategy has been aimed at supporting the pursuit of long-term development agreements integrating the maritime sectors with the other related sectors. The directions of gas distribution arising from the rational use of the LNG
terminal in Świnoujście have also been presented. In addition, the economic impact of the location of the LNG terminal in Świnoujście on the development of the gas market in Poland was analyzed

Website address (link) to the full text of the publication: http://repository.scientific-journals.eu/handle/123456789/2449

DOI: 10.17402/278

Title: Concept of LNG transfer and bunkering model of vessels at South Baltic Sea Arena

Author/Authors: Maciej Gucma, Andrzej Bąk, Ewelina Chłopińska

Place of publication: Annual of Navigation

Year: 2018

Keywords: LNG, bunkering of gas, supply chain

Abstract: At first part of the article methods of SOx (sulphur oxides) emission reduction is presented along with the description of LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) as a bunker fuel for vessel. As-sumptions for the methods of bunkering between different LNG driven vessel and bunker means is presented. Last part presents assumptions for optimization method and detailed fac-tors to be used in the further work. Optimization of Location-Route Planning (LRP) model with dynamics is presented as starting idea for next steps.

Website address (link) to the full text of 
the publication: https://annualofnavigation.pl/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/6_M-Gucma-i-inni_1809131116184959.pdf

DOI: 10.1515/aon-2018-0006

Title: Conditions for the location of a universal LNG tanker berth designed for the port of Świnoujście

Author/Authors: Stanisław Gucma, Maciej Gucma, Rafał Gralak, Marcin Przywarty, Bartosz Muczyński

Place of publication: Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin-Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

Year: 2019

Keywords: universal LNG discharge berth, waterway optimization simulation method

Abstract: This article describes the methodology to design a universal berth for LNG discharge from tankers with a wide cargo capacity range of 500 m3 to 220,000 m3. Based on a waterway optimization simulation, the methodology has been used to determine parameters of the designed universal cargo handling berth located in the port of Świnoujście.

Website address (link) ro the full text of publication): http://repository.scientific-journals.eu/handle/123456789/2517

DOI: 10.17402/326

Title: Concept of LNG transfer and bunkering model of vessels at South Baltic Sea Arena

Author/Authors: Maciej Gucma, Andrzej Bąk, Ewelina Chłopińska

Place of publication: Annual of Navigation

Year: 2018

Keywords: LNG, bunkering of gas, supply chain

Abstract: At first part of the article methods of SOx (sulphur oxides) emission reduction is presented along with the description of LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) as a bunker fuel for vessel. As-sumptions for the methods of bunkering between different LNG driven vessel and bunker means is presented. Last part presents assumptions for optimization method and detailed fac-tors to be used in the further work. Optimization of Location-Route Planning (LRP) model with dynamics is presented as starting idea for next steps.

Website address (link) ro the full text of publication):: https://annualofnavigation.pl/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/6_M-Gucma-i-inni_1809131116184959.pdf

DOI: 10.1515/aon-2018-0006

Title: Conditions for the location of a universal LNG tanker berth designed for the port of Świnoujście

Author/Authors: Stanisław Gucma, Maciej Gucma, Rafał Gralak, Marcin Przywarty, Bartosz Muczyński

Place of publication: Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin-Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

Year: 2019

Keywords: universal LNG discharge berth, waterway optimization simulation method

Abstract: This article describes the methodology to design a universal berth for LNG discharge from tankers with a wide cargo capacity range of 500 m3 to 220,000 m3. Based on a waterway optimization simulation, the methodology has been used to determine parameters of the designed universal cargo handling berth located in the port of Świnoujście.

Website address (link) to the full text of the publication: http://repository.scientific-journals.eu/handle/123456789/2517

DOI: 10.17402/326

Title: A simulation method for the determining the minimum pull of tugs assisting in port manoeuvres

Author/Authors: Stanisław Gucma, Maciej Gucma, Rafał Gralak, Mateusz Bilewski, Bartosz Muczyński

Place of publication: Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin-Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

Year: 2019

Keywords: port manoeuvring, simulation of ship movement, manoeuvring safety, tug assistance, determination, minimum safe pull

Abstract: The article presents a simulation method for determining the minimum safe pull of tugs assisting in port manoeuvres. The method can be used to determine the relationship between the minimum safe pull,
understood as the tension on the line, of the assisting tugs and the overall length, cargo capacity or net capacity of ships manoeuvring in a given port under allowable hydrometeorological conditions. The method was verified through
simulated tests of gas tankers’ entry, turning and berthing at the LNG terminal of Świnoujście.

Website address (link) to the full text of the publication: http://repository.scientific-journals.eu/handle/123456789/2518

DOI: 10.17402/325

Title: Modeling the Location and Routing Problem for the Distribution of Liquefied Natural GAS

Author/Authors: Ewelina Chłopińska, Maciej Gucma

Place of publication: Annual of Navigation

Year: 2019

Keywords: -

Abstract: Programming methods, such as dynamic heuristic search or search and limit techniques are used for solving the problems of routing. Many of the problems to be solved require huge computing effort, some of them are NP-hard. Other optimization algorithms that may be used for solving vehicle routing problems are methods based on genetic
algorithms, neural networks and ant algorithms. The problem of LNG distribution system is closely related to the problem of route planning. These problems are characterised by a simple definition of the problem, unlike finding the
solution. Finding the optimal outcome for a great number of points is a hard and work-consuming task. Genetic algorithms are an alternative for the methods most often used so far.

Website address (link) to the full text of the publication https://content.sciendo.com/view/journals/aon/26/1/article-p59.xml

DOI: 10.1515/aon-2019-0006

Title: Optimization of lNG terminal parameters for a wide range of gas tanker sizes: the case of the Port of Świnoujście

Author/Authors: Stanisław Gucma, Maciej Gucma

Place of publication: Archives of Transport

Year: 2019

Keywords: LNG terminal, optimization of port waterways, navigational safety in restricted areas.

Abstract: LNG terminals are built to handle tankers of specific size, with cargo capacities within a narrow scope. This is related to the differences in cargo, fender and mooring systems used for LNG tanker handling of various sizes. The research problem solved in the article is the development of the method for optimal design of a universal LNG cargo handling facility that enables safe operations of LNG tankers in a wide range of cargo capacity that covers almost entire spectrum of global fleet tanker sizes. The article presents a methodology of optimizing the parameters of LNG cargo
terminals to accommodate both small bunker ships with cargo capacity of 500 m3 (50 metres in length) to Q-flex type tankers capable of carrying up to 220 000 m3 (320 m in length). The authors have determined conditions for the safe
operation of these tankers in sea LNG terminals and described differences in the construction of cargo, fendering and mooring systems. The optimization of both location and terminal parameters for a wide range of gas tanker sizes as
well as approach channels leading to the LNG berths was performed using a specially designed two-stage simulation method of optimization. In the first stage the best location of a universal LNG terminal and its berths in the
existing port basin is determined. The second stage defines optimal parameters of approach waterways to the berths of a universal LNG terminal. The optimization criterion at both stages was the minimization of the costs to
build and to operate a universal LNG terminal. The developed optimization methodology was actually used in the design of the universal LNG terminal in the outer port of Świnoujście. The tests made use of real time simulation (RTS)
and non-autonomous models of ships, in which ship movement is controlled by a human (pilot, captain). Simulation tests were performed on a multi-bridge ship handling Polaris simulator with a 3D projection, from Kongsberg Maritime AS.
This full-mission bridge simulator (FMBS) is located at the Marine Traffic Engineering Centre, Maritime University of Szczecin. Two simulation ship movement models were built and verified for testing the manoeuvres of port
entry and berthing. These are: Q-flex type tanker (length: 320 m) and an LNG bunker ship, 6,000 m3 capacity, 104 m in length. The test results were used in the design of the universal LNG terminal in the outer port of Świnoujście and
approach waterways leading to the berths (now this investment project is in progress).

Website address (link) to the full text of the publication: http://www.archivesoftransport.com/eaot/2019/02/007.pdf

DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0013.5696

Title: Situation Assessment - An Essential Functionality for Resilient Navigation Systems

Author/Authors: Evelin Engler, Michael Baldauf, Paweł Banyś, Frank Heymann, Maciej Gucma, Frank Sill Torres

Place of publication: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering

Year: 2019

Keywords: situation awareness; resilience principles; ship navigation; threats; robustness; risk mitigation

Abstract: This paper discusses the application of resilience engineering principles by shipborne navigation systems. As a
technological system, the ship navigation system comprises all the communication and navigation equipment required to operate a ship. If examined as a socio-technological system, one has to additionally consider the use of
the ship navigation system by the bridge teams in order to perform the nautical profession in terms of safe and efficient ship navigation, taking into account environmental information received by communication. The first part of this
work discusses the theoretical background of resilience engineering and situation awareness. Case studies are used to illustrate under which conditions the application of resilience principles may result in an improvement of the
operational reliability. With the help of simulations, it is shown that a sub-optimal implementation and utilization of resilience principles may decrease the robustness of the technical ship navigation system, as well as the
reliability and adaptability of the ship navigation system in use. The examples illustrate once again that monitoring is one of the four cornerstones of resilience: anticipating, monitoring, learning, and responding. This is due to the effectiveness of most resilience principles depending on the availability and trustworthiness of situational information in relation to system status and environmental conditions, irrespective of whether the generation and use of the situational information is machine-made or human-made. Therefore, the establishment of situation awareness is an essential accompanying functionality to be considered in design, operation, and use of resilient systems.

Website address (link) to the full text of the publication: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/8/1/17

DOI: 10.3390/jmse8010017

Title: Occurrence of Unknown Sensor Data within AIS Dynamic Messages

Author/Authors: Paweł Banyś, Frank Heymann, Maciej Gucma

Place of publication: Nase More

Year: 2020

Keywords: AIS; Automatic Identification System

Abstract: For more than a decade, the Automatic Identification System (AIS) has contributed to increasing the safety of
navigation at sea. Despite the benefits of the system, AIS messages shared between vessels and the AIS dynamic data transferred to the Portable Pilot Units may contain unknown values of sensor data if the sensor data on board
becomes either unavailable or undeliverable for any reason. In this paper, an experiment is conducted to analyse the performance of an AIS transponder during a virtual sea voyage. By altering the sensor data rate it is possible to cause
the AIS transponder to output AIS messages with unknown sensor data. After performing the experiment, a generic approach is used in order to establish a correlation between the sensor data rate and the relative occurrence frequency
of AIS unknown values. This leads to the formulation of a simple equation which describes the interdependence between the interval of sensor data provision, the age of the sensor data allowed by the AIS transponder and the percentage of
unknown data within the AIS data output.

Adres strony internetowej (link) do pełnego tekstu publikacji: https://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=345686

DOI: 10.17818/NM/2020/2.5

Title: Multicriteria Optimization Method of LNG Distribution

Author/Authors: Ewelina Chłopińska, Maciej Gucma

Place of publication: TransNav-International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

Year: 2020

Keywords: Cargo Handling, Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), Multicriteria Optimization Method, LNG Distribution, Marine Diesel Oil (MDO), Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO), Vector Evaluated Genetic Algorithms (VEGA),Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA)

Abstract: Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is considered as a realistic substation of marine fuel in 21 century. Solution of building new engines or converting diesels into gas fueled propulsion meets the stringent international emission regulations. For HFO (heavy fuel oil) or MDO (marine diesel oil) propelled vessels, operation of bunkering is relatively
wide known and simple. Its due to the fact that fuel itself doesn’t require high standards of handling. Where for LNG as a fuel its very demanding process – it evaporates and requires either consuming by bunker vessel or
reliquefication. Distribution of such bunker is becoming multidimensional problem with time and space constrains. The objective of the article is to review the methods of optimization using genetic algorithms for a model of LNG
distribution. In particular, there will be considered methods of solving problems with many boundry criteria whose objective functions are contradictory. Methods used for solving the majority of problems are can prevent the simultaneous optimization of the examined objectives, e.g. the minimisation of costs or distance covered, or the maximisation of profits or efficiency etc. Here the standard genetic algorithms are suitable for solving multi-criteria problems by using functions producing a diversity of results depending on the adopted approach.

Website address (link) to the full text of the publication: https://www.transnav.eu/Article_Multicriteria_Optimization_Method_Ch%C5%82opi%C5%84ska,54,1030.html

DOI: 10.12716/1001.14.02.30

Title: Assessment of ship position estimation accuracy based on radar navigation mark echoes identified in an Electronic Navigational Chart

Author/Authors: Krzysztof Naus, Mariusz Wąż,Piotr Szymak, Lucjan Gucma, Maciej Gucma

Place of publication: MEASUREMENT

Year: 2021

Keywords: Electronic Navigational Chart, Radar image, Navigation marks, Data fusion, Autonomous ship

Abstract: This article presents research on assessing the accuracy of ship position determination based on observations of radar echoes of navigation marks identified in an Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC). The accuracy analysis of the simulated radar positioning in relation to navigation marks the validity of the research. Position accuracy on the
approach fairways was better than 6.5 m (RMS). A specially prepared measuring system made it possible to conduct tests based on radar images. In subsequent stages of the research, the association of extracted characteristic radar
echoes with navigation marks found in an ENC was made. Then, in order to eliminate significant values of measurement errors and erroneous identification of navigation marks, geodetic adjustment was applied. The obtained position
accuracy equal to 34.1 m (RMS) provides a premise to state that the method can be adopted for autonomous navigation systems which are alternatives to Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS).

Website address (link) to the full text of the publication: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0263224120311453

DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2020.108630