Title: The Model of Optimal Allocation of Maritime Oil Spill Combat Ships

Author/Authors: Kinga Łazuga, Lucjan Gucma, Marko Perkovic

Place of publication: Sustainability

Year: 2018

Keywords: oil spill, evolutionary algorithm, allocation optimization, combating oil pollution

Abstract: The paper describes a two-stage method for optimizing the location of marine oil spill combat forces and assessing the costs related to this action at the sea. An optimization problem relates to positioning the oil pollution combat ships in ports in such a way that they are able combat the anticipated number of oil spills in certain positions in the
Polish coast of the Baltic Sea area in the shortest possible time. The problem was classified as NP-hard; therefore, in the first stage, an evolutionary algorithm was applied. The main output of the model based on the evolutionary
algorithm is the time of arrival of combat ships from the port to the oil spill area, as well as the costs of such operation; this is defined as the aim function. The first stage of the model does not simulate combat pollution action; therefore, the results obtained were treated as approximate. In the second stage, the several best allocations of oil spill response resources
obtained in the first stage were used as input to a detailed simulation model of combat action. For each chosen allocation, a number of oil combat action simulations were carried out. The model can be used to create and verify oil
pollution contingency plans, and finally increase the sustainability of sea and coastal areas

Website address (link) to the full text of the publication: http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/7/2321

DOI: 10.3390/su10072321

Title: SBOil - Combating oil spills with biodegradable absorbents in the South Baltic

Author/Authors: Lucjan Gucma, Kinga Łazuga

Place of publication: European Journal of Navigation

Year: 2018

Keywords: oil spills, absorbents

Abstract: The main objective of the SBOIL project is to improve the quick-response system in the case of an oil or petroleum spill in adverse weather conditions, both at sea and in the shallow (including inland) waters, by using biodegradable absorbents. The use of absorbents with a high capacity to absorb oil substances from water, which are more environmentally friendly, can be described as the use of “green technology”.

Website address (link) to the full text of the publication: -

DOI: -

Title: Analysis of the Impact of Exemption from Pilotage for 75m and 90m Long Vessels on the Fairway Świnoujście-Szczecin

Author/Authors: Lucjan Gucma, Kinga Łazuga

Place of publication: TransNav-International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

Year: 2019

Keywords: Ship’s Manoeuvrability, Fairway Swinoujscie-Szczecin, Danish Straits, Great Barrier Reef, Bosporus Strait,
Tokyo Bay, Pilotage Operations, Pilotage

Abstract: The aim of the study is to analyze the impact of exemption from pilotage for 75m and 90m long vessels entering Szczecin on navigation safety on the waterway Świnoujście-Szczecin. Available sources concerning the influence of maritime pilotage on the safety of navigation have been analysed. Such data have been collected and made available only for the Danish Straits, the Great Barrier Reef Area of Australia, the Bosporus Straits and the Tokyo Bay. The study also included an analysis of economic effectiveness of pilotage exemption in this area.

Website address (link) to the full text of the publication: http://www.transnav.eu/Article_Analysis_of_the_Impact_of_Exemption_Gucma,51,940.html

DOI: 10.12716/1001.13.03.20

Title: The Support of Port Regulation Creation and Update by Real-time Ship Manoeuvring Simulation Studies Exampled by Port of Kołobrzeg

Author/Authors: Lucjan Gucma, Kinga Łazuga

Place of publication: TransNav-International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

Year: 2019

Keywords: Ship Manoeuvring Simulation, Port Regulation, Port Regulation Creation, Port of Kolobrzeg, Port Authority,
Navigational Safety, Navigational Risk, Good Practice

Abstract:The port areas are specific in terms of navigational accidents. Usually, accidents with low consequences dominate, but due to many users with contradictory needs, there is a requirement to keep the balance between business and safety. This balance is usually achieved by the Port Authority or like in Poland by Maritime Office together with Port Authority. Maritime Offices are the governmental body responsible to maintain the acceptable navigational safety level. Such an approach leads to several frictions between the users that needs are often contradictory. To ensure
minimal safety level and introduce new or amended port regulations the scientific methods are demanded to support this process. The paper present methodology to adjust the port regulations of Kołobrzeg Port where the
passenger ship owners moored in close vicinity of the waterway and therefore restricted it to the other users. The compromise was achieved with the application of real-time simulation method. Moreover, the paper presents the
important role of harbor regulations in whole navigation risk management process within the port area. Today’s port regulations are created mostly based on good practice of pilots and experts, whereas the quantitative methods are
used less frequently. The intention of the presented case study was to demonstrate how the quantitative risk assessment could be used in port policy development.

Website address (link) to the full text of the publication: http://www.transnav.eu/Article_The_Support_of_Port_Regulation_Gucma,50,908.html

DOI: 10.12716/1001.13.02.13

Title: Towards generalized ship’s manoeuvre models based on real time simulation results in port approach areas

Autor/Autorzy: N.M. Quy, Kinga Łazuga, Lucjan Gucma, J.K. Vrijling, P.H.A.J.M. van Gelder

Place of publication: OCEAN ENGINEERING

Year: 2019

Keywords: Real-time ship manoeuvring simulation, ship manoeuvring area, risk assessment, generalization of ship simulation data

Abstract: This paper presents an attempts towards creation of generalized models of ships manoeuvring area determination and ship performance created on the base of real simulation results. Those models are
needed for better understanding of the safe navigation process in ports areas and its approaches and for risk analysis when no full information about the ships behaviour is available. The data coming from real time ship simulations
that are conducted by experienced pilots and captains are applied in the study. In the first step, general regression models are created to determine manoeuvring areas and major correlations between basic parameters affecting the
safe area needed for ships to navigate in restricted areas of ports and its approaches. In the second step, the ship performance models are created to describe the behaviour of the ship including human factors. The ship
performance for long-term prediction of the navigation risk regarding the possibility of ships exceeding the channel limits, assumed as grounding or collision with a fixed structure are created by the method which consists of
two developed models: (1) an ARMAX (Auto Regressive and Moving Average eXogenous) model is adopted to identify the ship steering dynamic system. With the help of this model, the outputs of the system (course, position, etc.) can
be estimated based on the system input conditions (rudder, engine, etc.); (2) the stochastic sequences of the inputs for the first model used are generated using a semi-Markov model. In the paper the implementation of the semi-Markov
model for rudder actions has been described. The study used input/output measurements from a ship-handling simulator to estimate the model parameters, so the human factor has been included in the models. The method allows us to
extend the results obtained from the simulator to predict future conditions of the system outputs. Since the predicted results and using probabilistic approach, possible ship manoeuvring area margins will be identified and long -
term assessment of the navigation risk can be realized.

Website address (link) to the full text of the publication: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0029801820304947

DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107476

Title: Risk Assessment of Moored and Passing Ships

Autor/Autorzy: Peter Vidmar, Marko Perkovič, Lucjan Gucma, Kinga Łazuga

Place of publication: Applied Sciences-Basel

Year: 2020

Keywords: port accidents; risk assessment; terminal safety; harbour regulations; mooring; collision energy

Abstract: Accidents in port areas are generally relatively minor given the lower prevailing speeds, but dangerous cargo
terminals located in the vicinity of populated areas present some risk of accidents with catastrophic consequences. The maritime risk assessment frameworks have been developed in many ports, but few include studies incorporating collisions between sailing and moored ships. This paper presents the risk assessment framework for such accidents. Moreover, it presents the important role of harbour regulations in the navigation risk management process within the port area. Today’s port regulations are created mostly based on the good practice of pilots and other experts, whereas quantitative methods are used less frequently. The intention of the presented case study was to demonstrate how quantitative risk assessment may be used in port policy development, which is why the method created is general and may be used in any terminal with dangerous cargo. The multi-stage method consists of several steps that make up a complex methodology, consisting of expert study, real-time simulation—a simulation of a collision in port is presented—and analytical-empirical calculations for consequence assessment. The case studies of the developed method are presented based on two real accidents, one in the Police port along the Świnoujście-Szczecin waterway, and the second in the Port of Koper in Slovenia. The results of this study present the parameters of the ship’s safe approach to the terminal area, such as velocity and approaching
angle. These parameters are used to calculate the impact forces in the case of a collision between a moored and passing ship and its consequences on ship integrity as well as on mooring arrangement. Based on probability and consequences,
the risk is evaluated and discussed in the sense of port safety. The presented method could be used as the framework for risk assessment of collisions in a port area, particularly when dealing with dangerous cargo or sensitive vessels
such as cruise ships.

Website address (link) to the full text of the publication: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/19/6825

DOI: 10.3390/app10196825

Title: Cost-Effective Design of Port Approaches Using Simulation Methods Based on the Example of a Modernized Port in the Ustka

Author/Authors: Kinga Łazuga, Quy Nguyen, Lucjan Gucma

Place of publication: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering

Year: 2021

Keywords: ship manoeuvring; design of ports; real-time ship manoeuvring simulations; navigation safety

Abstract: Port design and approaches are usually carried out using real-time computer simulation methods for ship manoeuvring. So-called ship real-time simulation methods are relatively expensive, especially in terms of survey time. Several real-time simulation scenarios carried out by masters and pilots are usually performed, with several simulation attempts in each scenario. Each such attempt can last up to one hour, which, with a large number of scenarios, prolongs the research and increases its cost. Particularly time-consuming is the repetition of many scenarios with alternative solutions for infrastructure development and in various hydrometeorological conditions. To reduce the time-consuming of the tests, a new two-stage method was used to design the target approach on the modernized Port of Ustka. In the first stage, the simulations were carried out with significantly reduced floating navigation marking, and in the second stage with the target marking. Moreover, the so-called “Soft-Bank” method was introduced, i.e., the effects of a collision with the seabed and infrastructure were excluded. Such a solution leads to significant time benefits in conducting research and at the same time does not reduce confidence in the results obtained.

Website address (link) to the full text of the publication: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/9/2/211

DOI:10.3390/jmse9020211